حور العين
05-21-2015, 03:51 PM
الأخ / مــحــمــد نــجــيـــب
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
{ وَنَفْسٍ وَمَا سَوَّاهَا }
[ الشمس 7 ]
{ فَأَلْهَمَهَا فُجُورَهَا وَتَقْوَاهَا }
[ الشمس 8 ]
{ قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكَّاهَا }
[ الشمس 9 ]
{ وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ دَسَّاهَا }
[ الشمس 10 ]
{ وَنَفْسٍ وَمَا سَوَّاهَا } :
وقوله تعالى :
{ وَنَفْسٍ وَمَا سَوَّاهَا }
أي خلقها سوية مستقيمة على الفطرة القويمة كما قال تعالى:
{ فَأَقِمْ وَجْهَكَ لِلدِّينِ حَنِيفًا فِطْرَةَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي فَطَرَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهَا لا تَبْدِيلَ لِخَلْقِ اللَّهِ }
وقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم :
( كل مولود يولد على الفطرة فأبواه يهودانه أو ينصرانه أو يمجسانه
كما تولد البهيمة بهيمة جمعاء هل تحسون فيها من جدعاء ؟ )
أخرجاه من رواية أبي هريرة
{ فَأَلْهَمَهَا فُجُورَهَا وَتَقْوَاهَا } :
قوله تعالى:
{ فَأَلْهَمَهَا فُجُورَهَا وَتَقْوَاهَا }
أي فأرشدها إلى فجورها وتقواها أي بين لها وهداها إلى ما قدر لها
قال ابن عباس :
{ فَأَلْهَمَهَا فُجُورَهَا وَتَقْوَاهَا } :
بين لها الخير والشر
وكذا قال مجاهد وقتادة والضحاك والثوري :
{ قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكَّاهَا } :
قوله تعالى :
{ قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكَّاهَا }
يحتمل أن يكون المعنى قد أفلح من زكى نفسه أي بطاعة الله
كما قال قتادة وطهرها من الأخلاق الدنيئة والرذائل ويروى نحوه عن
مجاهد وعكرمة وسعيد بن جبير وكقوله تعالى:
{ قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ تَزَكَّى وَذَكَرَ اِسْم رَبّه فَصَلَّى }
{ وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ دَسَّاهَا } :
قوله تعالى :
{ وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ دَسَّاهَا }
أي دسسها أي أخملها ووضع منها بخذلانه إياها عن الهدى حتى ركب
المعاصي وترك طاعة الله عز وجل وقد يحتمل أن يكون المعنى
قد أفلح من زكى الله نفسه وقد خاب من دسى الله نفسه .
كما قال العوفي وعلي بن أبي طلحة عن ابن عباس وقال ابن أبي حاتم :
حدثنا أبي حدثنا أبو زرعة قالا حدثنا سهل بن عثمان حدثنا أبو مالك :
يعني عمرو بن الحارث عن عمرو بن هشام عن جويبر عن الضحاك :
عن ابن عباس قال :
سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول في قول الله عز وجل :
{ قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكَّاهَا }
قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم :
( أفلحت نفس زكاها الله عز وجل )
} By Nafs (Adam or a person or a soul),
and Him Who perfected him in proportion{
] As-Shams 91:7 [
} Then He showed him what is wrong for him
and what is right for him{
] As-Shams 91:8 [
} Indeed he succeeds who purifies his ownself
(i.e. obeys and performs all that Allâh ordered,
by following the true Faith of Islâmic Monotheism
and by doing righteous good deeds{
] As-Shams 91:9 [
} And indeed he fails who corrupts his ownself
(i.e. disobeys what Allâh has ordered by rejecting
the true Faith of Islâmic Monotheism or by
following polytheism or by doing every kind
of evil wicked deeds{
] As-Shams 91:10 [
حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو غَسَّانَ الْمِسْمَعِيُّ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ
وَاللَّفْظُ لِأَبِي غَسَّانَ وَابْنِ الْمُثَنَّى قَالَا :
حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ قَتَادَةَ
عَنْ مُطَرِّفِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الشِّخِّيرِ عَنْ عِيَاضِ بْنِ حِمَارٍ الْمُجَاشِعِيِّ:
( أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ :
أَلَا إِنَّ رَبِّي أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُعَلِّمَكُمْ مَا جَهِلْتُمْ مِمَّا عَلَّمَنِي يَوْمِي هَذَا كُلُّ مَالٍ نَحَلْتُهُ
عَبْدًا حَلَالٌ وَإِنِّي خَلَقْتُ عِبَادِي حُنَفَاءَ كُلَّهُمْ وَإِنَّهُمْ أَتَتْهُمْ الشَّيَاطِينُ فَاجْتَالَتْهُمْ
عَنْ دِينِهِمْ وَحَرَّمَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا أَحْلَلْتُ لَهُمْ وَأَمَرَتْهُمْ أَنْ يُشْرِكُوا بِي مَا لَمْ أُنْزِلْ
بِهِ سُلْطَانًا وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ نَظَرَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ فَمَقَتَهُمْ عَرَبَهُمْ وَعَجَمَهُمْ إِلَّا بَقَايَا
مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ وَقَالَ إِنَّمَا بَعَثْتُكَ لِأَبْتَلِيَكَ وَأَبْتَلِيَ بِكَ وَأَنْزَلْتُ عَلَيْكَ كِتَابًا
لَا يَغْسِلُهُ الْمَاءُ تَقْرَؤُهُ نَائِمًا وَيَقْظَانَ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُحَرِّقَ قُرَيْشًا فَقُلْتُ :
رَبِّ إِذًا يَثْلَغُوا رَأْسِي فَيَدَعُوهُ خُبْزَةً
قَالَ : اسْتَخْرِجْهُمْ كَمَا اسْتَخْرَجُوكَ وَاغْزُهُمْ نُغْزِكَ وَأَنْفِقْ فَسَنُنْفِقَ وَابْعَثْ
جَيْشًا نَبْعَثْ خَمْسَةً مِثْلَهُ وَقَاتِلْ بِمَنْ أَطَاعَكَ مَنْ عَصَاكَ
قَالَ : وَأَهْلُ الْجَنَّةِ ثَلَاثَةٌ ذُو سُلْطَانٍ مُقْسِطٌ مُتَصَدِّقٌ مُوَفَّقٌ وَرَجُلٌ رَحِيمٌ
رَقِيقُ الْقَلْبِ لِكُلِّ ذِي قُرْبَى وَمُسْلِمٍ وَعَفِيفٌ مُتَعَفِّفٌ ذُو عِيَالٍ
قَالَ : وَأَهْلُ النَّارِ خَمْسَةٌ الضَّعِيفُ الَّذِي زَبْرَ لَهُ الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِيكُمْ تَبَعًا لَا يَبْتَغُونَ
أَهْلًا وَلَا مَالًا وَالْخَائِنُ الَّذِي لَا يَخْفَى لَهُ طَمَعٌ وَإِنْ دَقَّ إِلَّا خَانَهُ
وَرَجُلٌ لَا يُصْبِحُ وَلَا يُمْسِي إِلَّا وَهُوَ يُخَادِعُكَ عَنْ أَهْلِكَ وَمَالِكَ
وَذَكَرَ الْبُخْلَ أَوْ الْكَذِبَ وَالشِّنْظِيرُ الْفَحَّاشُ )
[ صحيح مسلم ]
( Iyad bin Him-ar reported that Allah's Messenger
(may peace be upon him),
while delivering a sermon one day, said:
Behold, my Lord commanded me that I should teach
you which you do not know and which
He has taught me today. (He has instructed thus):
The property which I have conferred upon them
is lawful for them.
I have created My servants as one having a natural
inclination to the worship of Allah but it is Satan
who turns them away from the right religion and
he makes unlawful what has been declared lawful
for them and he commands them to ascribe partnership
with Me, although he has no justification for that.
And verily, Allah looked towards the people of the
world and He showed hatred for the Arabs and the
non-Arabs, but with the exception of some remnants
from the People of the Book. And He (further) said:
I have sent you (the Holy Prophet) in order to put you
to test and put (those to test) through you.
And I sent the Book to you which cannot be washed
away by water, so that you may recite it while in
the state of wakefulness or sleep.
Verily, Allah commanded me to burn (kill) the
Quraish.
I said: My Lord, they would break my head
(like the tearing) of bread, and Allah said:
You turn them out as they turned you out,
you fight against them and We shall help you in this,
you should spend and you would be conferred upon.
You send an army and I would send an army five
times greater than that. Fight against those who
disobey you along with those who obey you.
The inmates of Paradise are three:
One who wields authority and is just and fair,
one who Is truthful and has been endowed with power
to do good deeds. And the person who is merciful and
kind hearted towards his relatives and to every pious
Muslim, and one who does not stretch his hand in spite
of having a large family to support.
And He said: The inmates of Hell are five:
the weak who lack power to (avoid evil), the (carefree)
who pursue (everything irrespective of the fact
that it is good or evil) and who do not have any
care for their family or for their wealth.
And those dishonest whose greed cannot be concealed
even in the case of minor things. And the third,
who betray you, morning and evening,
in regard to your family and your property.
He also made a mention of the miser and the liar
and those who are in the habit of abusing people
and using obscene and foul language.
Abu Ghassan in his narration did not make mention
of Spend and there would be spent for you.)
[ Book #040, Hadith #6853 ]
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
{ وَنَفْسٍ وَمَا سَوَّاهَا }
[ الشمس 7 ]
{ فَأَلْهَمَهَا فُجُورَهَا وَتَقْوَاهَا }
[ الشمس 8 ]
{ قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكَّاهَا }
[ الشمس 9 ]
{ وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ دَسَّاهَا }
[ الشمس 10 ]
{ وَنَفْسٍ وَمَا سَوَّاهَا } :
وقوله تعالى :
{ وَنَفْسٍ وَمَا سَوَّاهَا }
أي خلقها سوية مستقيمة على الفطرة القويمة كما قال تعالى:
{ فَأَقِمْ وَجْهَكَ لِلدِّينِ حَنِيفًا فِطْرَةَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي فَطَرَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهَا لا تَبْدِيلَ لِخَلْقِ اللَّهِ }
وقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم :
( كل مولود يولد على الفطرة فأبواه يهودانه أو ينصرانه أو يمجسانه
كما تولد البهيمة بهيمة جمعاء هل تحسون فيها من جدعاء ؟ )
أخرجاه من رواية أبي هريرة
{ فَأَلْهَمَهَا فُجُورَهَا وَتَقْوَاهَا } :
قوله تعالى:
{ فَأَلْهَمَهَا فُجُورَهَا وَتَقْوَاهَا }
أي فأرشدها إلى فجورها وتقواها أي بين لها وهداها إلى ما قدر لها
قال ابن عباس :
{ فَأَلْهَمَهَا فُجُورَهَا وَتَقْوَاهَا } :
بين لها الخير والشر
وكذا قال مجاهد وقتادة والضحاك والثوري :
{ قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكَّاهَا } :
قوله تعالى :
{ قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكَّاهَا }
يحتمل أن يكون المعنى قد أفلح من زكى نفسه أي بطاعة الله
كما قال قتادة وطهرها من الأخلاق الدنيئة والرذائل ويروى نحوه عن
مجاهد وعكرمة وسعيد بن جبير وكقوله تعالى:
{ قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ تَزَكَّى وَذَكَرَ اِسْم رَبّه فَصَلَّى }
{ وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ دَسَّاهَا } :
قوله تعالى :
{ وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ دَسَّاهَا }
أي دسسها أي أخملها ووضع منها بخذلانه إياها عن الهدى حتى ركب
المعاصي وترك طاعة الله عز وجل وقد يحتمل أن يكون المعنى
قد أفلح من زكى الله نفسه وقد خاب من دسى الله نفسه .
كما قال العوفي وعلي بن أبي طلحة عن ابن عباس وقال ابن أبي حاتم :
حدثنا أبي حدثنا أبو زرعة قالا حدثنا سهل بن عثمان حدثنا أبو مالك :
يعني عمرو بن الحارث عن عمرو بن هشام عن جويبر عن الضحاك :
عن ابن عباس قال :
سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول في قول الله عز وجل :
{ قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكَّاهَا }
قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم :
( أفلحت نفس زكاها الله عز وجل )
} By Nafs (Adam or a person or a soul),
and Him Who perfected him in proportion{
] As-Shams 91:7 [
} Then He showed him what is wrong for him
and what is right for him{
] As-Shams 91:8 [
} Indeed he succeeds who purifies his ownself
(i.e. obeys and performs all that Allâh ordered,
by following the true Faith of Islâmic Monotheism
and by doing righteous good deeds{
] As-Shams 91:9 [
} And indeed he fails who corrupts his ownself
(i.e. disobeys what Allâh has ordered by rejecting
the true Faith of Islâmic Monotheism or by
following polytheism or by doing every kind
of evil wicked deeds{
] As-Shams 91:10 [
حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو غَسَّانَ الْمِسْمَعِيُّ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ
وَاللَّفْظُ لِأَبِي غَسَّانَ وَابْنِ الْمُثَنَّى قَالَا :
حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ قَتَادَةَ
عَنْ مُطَرِّفِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الشِّخِّيرِ عَنْ عِيَاضِ بْنِ حِمَارٍ الْمُجَاشِعِيِّ:
( أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ :
أَلَا إِنَّ رَبِّي أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُعَلِّمَكُمْ مَا جَهِلْتُمْ مِمَّا عَلَّمَنِي يَوْمِي هَذَا كُلُّ مَالٍ نَحَلْتُهُ
عَبْدًا حَلَالٌ وَإِنِّي خَلَقْتُ عِبَادِي حُنَفَاءَ كُلَّهُمْ وَإِنَّهُمْ أَتَتْهُمْ الشَّيَاطِينُ فَاجْتَالَتْهُمْ
عَنْ دِينِهِمْ وَحَرَّمَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا أَحْلَلْتُ لَهُمْ وَأَمَرَتْهُمْ أَنْ يُشْرِكُوا بِي مَا لَمْ أُنْزِلْ
بِهِ سُلْطَانًا وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ نَظَرَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ فَمَقَتَهُمْ عَرَبَهُمْ وَعَجَمَهُمْ إِلَّا بَقَايَا
مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ وَقَالَ إِنَّمَا بَعَثْتُكَ لِأَبْتَلِيَكَ وَأَبْتَلِيَ بِكَ وَأَنْزَلْتُ عَلَيْكَ كِتَابًا
لَا يَغْسِلُهُ الْمَاءُ تَقْرَؤُهُ نَائِمًا وَيَقْظَانَ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُحَرِّقَ قُرَيْشًا فَقُلْتُ :
رَبِّ إِذًا يَثْلَغُوا رَأْسِي فَيَدَعُوهُ خُبْزَةً
قَالَ : اسْتَخْرِجْهُمْ كَمَا اسْتَخْرَجُوكَ وَاغْزُهُمْ نُغْزِكَ وَأَنْفِقْ فَسَنُنْفِقَ وَابْعَثْ
جَيْشًا نَبْعَثْ خَمْسَةً مِثْلَهُ وَقَاتِلْ بِمَنْ أَطَاعَكَ مَنْ عَصَاكَ
قَالَ : وَأَهْلُ الْجَنَّةِ ثَلَاثَةٌ ذُو سُلْطَانٍ مُقْسِطٌ مُتَصَدِّقٌ مُوَفَّقٌ وَرَجُلٌ رَحِيمٌ
رَقِيقُ الْقَلْبِ لِكُلِّ ذِي قُرْبَى وَمُسْلِمٍ وَعَفِيفٌ مُتَعَفِّفٌ ذُو عِيَالٍ
قَالَ : وَأَهْلُ النَّارِ خَمْسَةٌ الضَّعِيفُ الَّذِي زَبْرَ لَهُ الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِيكُمْ تَبَعًا لَا يَبْتَغُونَ
أَهْلًا وَلَا مَالًا وَالْخَائِنُ الَّذِي لَا يَخْفَى لَهُ طَمَعٌ وَإِنْ دَقَّ إِلَّا خَانَهُ
وَرَجُلٌ لَا يُصْبِحُ وَلَا يُمْسِي إِلَّا وَهُوَ يُخَادِعُكَ عَنْ أَهْلِكَ وَمَالِكَ
وَذَكَرَ الْبُخْلَ أَوْ الْكَذِبَ وَالشِّنْظِيرُ الْفَحَّاشُ )
[ صحيح مسلم ]
( Iyad bin Him-ar reported that Allah's Messenger
(may peace be upon him),
while delivering a sermon one day, said:
Behold, my Lord commanded me that I should teach
you which you do not know and which
He has taught me today. (He has instructed thus):
The property which I have conferred upon them
is lawful for them.
I have created My servants as one having a natural
inclination to the worship of Allah but it is Satan
who turns them away from the right religion and
he makes unlawful what has been declared lawful
for them and he commands them to ascribe partnership
with Me, although he has no justification for that.
And verily, Allah looked towards the people of the
world and He showed hatred for the Arabs and the
non-Arabs, but with the exception of some remnants
from the People of the Book. And He (further) said:
I have sent you (the Holy Prophet) in order to put you
to test and put (those to test) through you.
And I sent the Book to you which cannot be washed
away by water, so that you may recite it while in
the state of wakefulness or sleep.
Verily, Allah commanded me to burn (kill) the
Quraish.
I said: My Lord, they would break my head
(like the tearing) of bread, and Allah said:
You turn them out as they turned you out,
you fight against them and We shall help you in this,
you should spend and you would be conferred upon.
You send an army and I would send an army five
times greater than that. Fight against those who
disobey you along with those who obey you.
The inmates of Paradise are three:
One who wields authority and is just and fair,
one who Is truthful and has been endowed with power
to do good deeds. And the person who is merciful and
kind hearted towards his relatives and to every pious
Muslim, and one who does not stretch his hand in spite
of having a large family to support.
And He said: The inmates of Hell are five:
the weak who lack power to (avoid evil), the (carefree)
who pursue (everything irrespective of the fact
that it is good or evil) and who do not have any
care for their family or for their wealth.
And those dishonest whose greed cannot be concealed
even in the case of minor things. And the third,
who betray you, morning and evening,
in regard to your family and your property.
He also made a mention of the miser and the liar
and those who are in the habit of abusing people
and using obscene and foul language.
Abu Ghassan in his narration did not make mention
of Spend and there would be spent for you.)
[ Book #040, Hadith #6853 ]